REJUV RESEARCH 1

SPECIFICATIONS

Product Code: REJ001

EPITALON

Sequence: Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly

Molecular Formula: C14H22N4O9

Molecular Weight: 390.349 g/mol

CAS number: 307297-39-8

Purity: Technical / Research Grade 98%

Other details: No TFA Salt

Form: Lyophilized powder

Color: White

Storage temperature: -20°C

Source: Synthetic

Safety classification: Standard handling

THYMALIN

Sequence: Pyr-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn

Molecular Formula: C33H54N12O15

Molecular Weight: 858.864 g/mol

CAS: 63958-90-7

Purity: Technical / Research Grade 98%

Other details: No TFA Salt

Form: Lyophilized powder

Color: White

Storage temperature: -20°C

Source: Synthetic

Safety classification: Standard handling

DESCRIPTION

EPITALON

Epitalon is a short synthetic peptide that has been widely investigated in experimental and preclinical research settings for its involvement in melatonin regulation, telomerase-related pathways, and cellular aging mechanisms. Originally developed in Russia in the 1980s, Epitalon has been studied in animal models where it was associated with delayed onset of age-related changes in reproductive and immune parameters. Due to these observations, Epitalon has primarily attracted interest within the field of aging biology and longevity research, as well as in broader studies examining DNA stability and cellular regulation.

In vitro studies conducted on human somatic cells have provided experimental evidence suggesting that Epitalon may influence the activity of the enzyme telomerase. Telomerase is involved in the maintenance of telomeres, which are located at the ends of chromosomes and play a critical role in preserving chromosomal stability. Experimental activation of telomerase-related pathways has been associated with reduced accumulation of DNA replication errors over time, supporting the hypothesis that Epitalon may participate in mechanisms related to genomic integrity and long-term cellular function.

The effects observed in experimental models cannot be fully explained by telomere maintenance or free-radical modulation alone. For this reason, ongoing research has focused on understanding how this short peptide may influence gene expression and regulatory networks, potentially contributing to broader biological effects observed in aging-related studies.

Multiple lines of research suggest that Epitalon may influence immune-related pathways and the organism’s adaptive capacity following both acute stress and cumulative physiological challenges. These findings are consistent with its proposed role as a peptide regulator rather than a direct effector molecule.

Experimental studies conducted in rodents indicate that Epitalon exposure is associated with increased interferon-gamma expression in aged lymphocytes. Interferon-gamma is a key signaling molecule involved in immune regulation, including activation of macrophages, natural killer cells, and T lymphocytes, which are essential components of antiviral and immune surveillance mechanisms.

Research literature has identified several gene-level interactions associated with Epitalon exposure in experimental systems, including:

• Telomerase-related genes, associated with cellular lifespan regulation
• CD5, involved in immune cell differentiation pathways
• IL-2, associated with regulation of leukocyte activity
• MMP2, linked to extracellular matrix remodeling and inflammatory modulation
• Tram1, involved in protein synthesis processes
• Arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), associated with melatonin synthesis
• pCREB-related pathways, involved in circadian rhythm regulation and cellular signaling

As previously described, Epitalon has been associated with modulation of MMP2-related pathways in experimental models. MMP2 is a protein involved in connective tissue maintenance, including skin structure. Rodent studies suggest that Epitalon may influence fibroblast activity, which plays a role in the production and maintenance of extracellular matrix components such as collagen and elastin.

Experimental findings further indicate that Epitalon exposure may be associated with reduced caspase-3 activity. Caspase-3 is an enzyme involved in apoptotic signaling pathways. Modulation of this pathway has been linked, in experimental contexts, to enhanced cellular viability and prolonged functional integrity of fibroblasts and other structural cells.

In animal studies involving oncological research models, daily administration of Epitalon has been associated with alterations in tumor development dynamics and metastatic behavior. These observations have prompted further investigation into Epitalon’s interaction with cellular growth-regulatory pathways, although such findings remain confined to experimental and preclinical research contexts.

Additional experimental evidence suggests that Epitalon may influence expression of the PER1 gene in the hypothalamus. PER1 plays a role in circadian rhythm regulation, and altered expression of this gene has been observed in various pathological states. Modulation of circadian regulatory genes has therefore been explored as a potential factor influencing broader biological adaptation processes.

The pineal gland is responsible for melatonin synthesis, a hormone closely associated with circadian rhythms and aging-related processes. Research conducted in animal models indicates that Epitalon may influence melatonin synthesis and secretion by modulating the expression of AANAT and pCREB-related transcription pathways. These molecular mechanisms are central to circadian regulation of melatonin release. Studies in primate models have further suggested a normalization of melatonin production patterns under experimental conditions.

Finally, experimental studies conducted in animal models of retinal degeneration have reported functional and structural observations following Epitalon exposure. These studies suggest that the peptide may be involved in maintaining retinal cellular organization and bioelectrical activity, supporting its continued investigation in vision-related neurobiological research models.

THYMALIN

Studies have shown that this immunomodulatory molecule occurs naturally in the thymus. The thymus is a specialized bilobed primary lymphoid organ that plays a critical role in the development of functionally active and self-tolerant T-cells, which are a fundamental component of the adaptive immune system. Studies suggest that many of the thymus’ physiological functions are mediated through thymic immunomodulators, which help regulate immune maturation and immune signaling pathways.

The mature T-cells produced by the thymus are essential for adaptive immunity, including immune memory, immune surveillance, and the ability to respond effectively to pathogens. Loss (or congenital absence) of the thymus before critical immune development thresholds are reached can result in DiGeorge Syndrome, a condition characterized by severe immunodeficiency. Although thymic activity declines with age, studies indicate that there is still residual T-cell lymphopoiesis throughout adult life, even in later decades.

Nonetheless, research has shown that progressive thymic involution during aging is associated with increased susceptibility to severe infections and a higher risk of cancer development. This phenomenon has been attributed to reduced immune competence, impaired immune response to infections, and weakened immune surveillance mechanisms that normally help recognize and eliminate abnormal or malignant cells. In this context, thymic immunomodulators have attracted research interest due to their potential ability to support thymic signaling and restore certain aspects of immune homeostasis.

Additional diseases associated with thymic dysfunction include allergic hypersensitivity, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCID), lymphomas, Myasthenia Gravis, thymomas, and the rare disorder APECED (Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy). Research suggests that thymic immunomodulators may help restore thymic regulatory activity in dysfunctional or compromised thymic tissue, potentially reducing the severity of immune deficiency or supporting immune balance in vulnerable individuals. For this reason, thymus-derived peptides have been studied not only for immune support, but also for broader systemic regulation, including inflammatory balance and age-associated immune decline.

Because thymulin is naturally linked to thymic signaling, research has explored its possible role in immune modulation, immune stimulation, and immune system normalization. In experimental and clinical research settings, thymulin has been investigated for its potential to support T-cell maturation pathways, immune response coordination, and immunological resilience. Some studies also suggest that thymic peptides may influence neuroendocrine-immune cross-talk, which is a regulatory network connecting immune function with endocrine signaling and nervous system activity.

Researchers at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology (North-Western Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences) and the Institute of Gerontology of the Ukrainian Academy of Medical Sciences (Kiev) clinically assessed the geroprotective effects of thymic peptide bioregulators (Thymalin) and the pineal peptide bioregulator Epithalamin (Epitalon) in 266 elderly and older individuals over a period of 6–8 years. In this long-term observational research, both peptides were administered at 10 mg daily for ten consecutive days, once every 6 months. The bioregulators were applied during the first 2–3 years of the observation period.

The obtained results suggested that these peptide bioregulators may support normalization of fundamental physiological functions, including measurable parameters of cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and nervous system activity, as well as metabolic regulation and general homeostasis. In the peptide-treated groups, reported outcomes included a 2.0–2.4-fold decrease in acute respiratory disease incidence, along with reduced incidence of clinical manifestations of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, deforming osteoarthrosis, and osteoporosis compared to control groups. These changes were also associated with a reduction in mortality during the observation period: 2.0–2.1-fold in the Thymalin-treated group; 1.6–1.8-fold in the Epithalamin-treated group; and approximately 2.5-fold in individuals treated with Thymalin plus Epithalamin compared to control.

A separate patient group received Thymalin in combination with Epithalamin annually for 6 years, and their mortality rate was reported to decrease by 4.1 times compared to the control group. These findings have contributed to ongoing scientific interest in thymic and pineal peptide bioregulators as potential research tools for studying immune aging, systemic homeostasis, and age-associated decline in immune surveillance and metabolic regulation.

REFERENCES

All information presented above is derived from in vitro experiments, animal studies, and other preclinical research models. These data are intended solely for basic scientific investigation of biological mechanisms and do not imply any therapeutic, diagnostic, preventive, or clinical use in humans or animals.

V. Khavinson et al., "Pineal-regulating tetrapeptide epitalon improves eye retina condition in retinitis pigmentosa" [PubMed]

I.A. Vinogradova et al., "Effect of Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly peptide on life span and development of spontaneous tumors in female rats exposed to different illumination regimes" [PubMed]

T.A. Dzhokhadze et al., "[Functional regulation of genome with peptide bioregulators by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (by patients and relatives)]" [PubMed]

I.N. Alimova et al., "Effect of Epitalon and Vilon treatment on mammary carcinogenesis in transgenic erbB-2/NEU mice" [PubMed]

N.S. Lin'Kova et al., "Peptide Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly and interferon gamma: their role in immune response during aging" [PubMed]

D.A. Sibarov et al., "Epitalon influences pineal secretion in stress-exposed rats in the daytime" [PubMed]

N.S. Lin'Kova et al., "Peptide Regulation of Skin Fibroblast Functions during Their Aging In Vitro" [PubMed]

I.F. Labunets et al., "Effect of epithalamin on circadian relationship between the endocrine function of the thymus and melatonin-producing function of the pineal gland in elderly people" [PubMed]

D.A. Sibarov et al., "Effects of intranasal administration of epitalon on neuron activity in the rat neocortex" [PubMed]

V.N. Anisimov et al., "Epithalon decelerates aging and suppresses development of breast adenocarcinomas in transgenic her-2/neu mice" [PubMed]

G. Kossoy et al., "Effect of the synthetic pineal peptide epitalon on spontaneous carcinogenesis in female C3H/He mice" [PubMed]

N.I. Chasilova et al., "Short peptides stimulate skin cell regeneration during ageing" [PubMed]

O.V. Korkushko et al., "Effect of peptide preparation epithalamin on circadian rhythm of epiphyseal melatonin-producing function in elderly people" [PubMed]

V.K. Khavinson et al., "Effect of regulatory peptides on gene transcription" [Springer Nature Link]

V. Khavinson et al., "AEDG Peptide (Epitalon) Stimulates Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis during Neurogenesis: Possible Epigenetic Mechanism" [PubMed]

V.N. Anisimov et al., "Effect of Epitalon on biomarkers of aging, life span and spontaneous tumor incidence in female Swiss-derived SHR mice" [PubMed]

G. Kossoy et al., "Epitalon and colon carcinogenesis in rats: proliferative activity and apoptosis in colon tumors and mucosa" [PubMed]

V.N. Anisimov et al., "Inhibitory effect of the peptide epitalon on the development of spontaneous mammary tumors in HER-2/neu transgenic mice" [PubMed]

V.K. Khavinson et al., "Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells" [PubMed]

V.N. Anisimov et al., "Pineal peptide preparation epithalamin increases the lifespan of fruit flies, mice and rats" [PubMed]

V.K, Khavinson et al., "Short cell-penetrating peptides: a model of interactions with gene promoter sites" [PubMed]

V. Khavinson et al., "Peptide Epitalon activates chromatin at the old age" [Europe PMC]

V.KH. Khavinson et al., "Thymalin: Activation of Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells" [PubMed]

V.Kh. Khavinson et al., "Geroprotective effect of thymalin and epithalamin" [PubMed]

T.F. Babenko et al., "Thymalin in the combined treatment of patients with chronic lympholeukemia" [PubMed]

G.S. Sukhodoeva et al., "The effect of thymalin on the development of sensitization with a soluble microbial antigen and on the phenotypic composition of lymphocyte subpopulations in the organs of immunity" [PubMed]

K.I. Gurevich et al., "Use of thymalin in trauma patients" [PubMed]

L.S. Kogosova et al., "Effectiveness of administration of thymalin in the complex treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis" [PubMed]

V.Kh. Khavinson et al., "Thymalin: Activation of Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells" [PubMed]

M.L. Chukhlovina et al., "The immunomodulating and metabolic actions of thymalin in an experimental herpetic infection" [PubMed]

B.I. Kuznik et al., "Thymalin as a modulator of immunogenesis and hemostasis" [PubMed]

M.M. Solo'ev et al., "Clinical use of thymalin in the prophylaxis and treatment of infectious-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region" [PubMed]

C.V. Zhukova et al., "Effect of Thymalin on the Tumor and Thymus under Conditions of Activation Therapy In Vivo" [PubMed]

K.G. Mskalik "Effect of thymalin and epithalamin on the metastasis of experimental tumors irradiated with pulsed laser radiation" [PubMed]

V.Kh. Khavinson et al., "The Use of Thymalin for Immunocorrection and Molecular Aspects of Biological Activity" [PMC]

M.P. Isaeva et al., "The effect of thymalin on indices of immunity and hemostasis in patients with disseminated forms of psoriasis" [PubMed]

V.E. Ryzhenkov et al., "Effect of thymalin on the development of experimental hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis" [PubMed]

V.Kh. Khavinson et al., "The effect of thymalin on biochemical and immunological indices of lymphocyte differentiation and functional activity" [PubMed]

M.U. Musaev "Comparative study of the effects of thymalin and vitamin E on certain indices for local pulmonary protection in rheumatoid arthritis" [PubMed]

N.V. Govorin et al., "Use of thymic peptide thymalin in the complex treatment of therapy-resistant schizophrenia" [PubMed]

N.A. Trekova "Effect of thymalin on protein synthesis in the brain and conditioned-reflex activity of the progeny of neurosensitized female rats" [PubMed]

B.I. Kuznik et al., "Effect of thymalin on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis" [PubMed]

V.A. Koslov et al., "Efficacy of thymalin in the treatment of patients with traumatic osteomyelitis of the lower jaw" [PubMed]

T.G. Kurbanov et al., "The efficacy of using thymalin in diabetes mellitus in children" [PubMed]

B. Nasseri et al., "Thymulin treatment attenuates inflammatory pain by modulating spinal cellular and molecular signaling pathways" [PubMed]

V.G. Morozov et al., "Natural and synthetic thymic peptides as therapeutics for immune dysfunction" [PubMed]

S.M. Lunin et al., "Thymulin, a thymic peptide, prevents the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and heat shock protein Hsp70 in inflammation-bearing mice" [PubMed]

B. Kuznik et al., "Peptide Drug Thymalin Regulates Immune Status in Severe COVID-19 Older Patients" [PMC]

V.Kh. Khavinson et al., "Peptides of pineal gland and thymus prolong human life" [PubMed]

DISCLAIMER

This product is intendend for lab research and development use only. These studies are performed outside of the body. This product is not medicines or drugs and has not been approved by the FDA or EMA to prevent, treat or cure any medical condition, ailment or disease. Bodily introduction of any kind into humans or animals is strictly forbidden by law. This product should only be handled by licensed, qualified professionals.

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